Clean EUkip up NOW make UKIP electable!
The corruption of EUkip’s leadership,
their anti UKIP claque in POWER & the NEC
is what gives the remaining 10% a bad name!
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THE GREATEST OF GOOD FORTUNE IN THE LOTTERY of LIFE:
CONGRATULATIONS TO THOSE BORN BRITISH!
WHO LED THE WAY TO DEMOCRACY, FREEDOM,
SOVEREIGNTY & SELF DETERMINATION!
ASSETS FORCED ON PEOPLES TODAY BY
RULE OF LAW & JUSTICE WORLD WIDE!
& STRIPPED BY DICTATORSHIPS & THE EU!
CONGRATULATIONS TO THOSE BORN BRITISH!
WHO LED THE WAY TO DEMOCRACY, FREEDOM,
SOVEREIGNTY & SELF DETERMINATION!
ASSETS FORCED ON PEOPLES TODAY BY
RULE OF LAW & JUSTICE WORLD WIDE!
& STRIPPED BY DICTATORSHIPS & THE EU!
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The Magna Carta
of
1215
Image via WikipediaJohn, by the grace of God, king of England, lord of Ireland, duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and count of Anjou, to the archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, barons, justiciars, foresters, sheriffs, stewards, servants, and to all his bailiffs and faithful subjects, greeting. Know that we, out of reverence for God and for the salvation of our soul and those of all our ancestors and heirs, for the honour of God and the exaltation of holy church, and for the reform of our realm, on the advice of our venerable fathers, Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, primate of all England and cardinal of the holy Roman church, Henry archbishop of Dublin, William of London, Peter of Winchester, Jocelyn of Bath and Glastonbury, Hugh of Lincoln, Walter of Worcester, William of Coventry and Benedict of Rochester, bishops, of master Pandulf, subdeacon and member of the household of the lord pope, of brother Aymeric, master of the order of Knights Templar in England, and of the noble men William Marshal earl of Pembroke, William earl of Salisbury, William earl of Warenne, William earl of Arundel, Alan of Galloway constable of Scotland, Warin fitz Gerold, Peter fitz Herbert, Hubert de Burgh seneschal of Poitou, Hugh de Neville, Matthew fitz Herbert, Thomas Basset, Alan Basset, Philip de Aubeney, Robert of Ropsley, John Marshal, John fitz Hugh, and others, our faithful subjects: [1] In the first place have granted to God, and by this our present charter confirmed for us and our heirs for ever that the English church shall be free, and shall have its rights undiminished and its liberties unimpaired; and it is our will that it be thus observed; which is evident from the fact that, before the quarrel between us and our barons began, we willingly and spontaneously granted and by our charter confirmed the freedom of elections which is reckoned most important and very essential to the English church, and obtained confirmation of it from the lord pope Innocent III; the which we will observe and we wish our heirs to observe it in good faith for ever. We have also granted to all free men of our kingdom, for ourselves and our heirs for ever, all the liberties written below, to be had and held by them and their heirs of us and our heirs.
[2] If any of our earls or barons or others holding of us in chief by knight service dies, and at his death his heir be of full age and owe relief he shall have his inheritance on payment of the old relief, namely the heir or heirs of an earl £ 100 for a whole earl's barony, the heir or heirs of a baron £100 for a whole barony, the heir or heirs of a knight 100s, at most, for a whole knight's fee; and he who owes less shall give less according to the ancient usage of fiefs.
[3] If, however, the heir of any such be under age and a ward, he shall have his inheritance when he comes of age without paying relief and without making fine.
[4] The guardian of the land of such an heir who is under age shall take from the land of the heir no more than reasonable revenues, reasonable customary dues and reasonable services and that without destruction and waste of men or goods; and if we commit the wardship of the land of any such to a sheriff, or to any other who is answerable to us for its revenues, and he destroys or wastes what he has wardship of, we will take compensation from him and the land shall be committed to two lawful and discreet men of that fief, who shall be answerable for the revenues to us or to him to whom we have assigned them; and if we give or sell to anyone the wardship of any such land and he causes destruction or waste therein, he shall lose that wardship, and it shall be transferred to two lawful and discreet men of that fief, who shall similarly be answerable to us as is aforesaid.
[5] Moreover, so long as he has the wardship of the land, the guardian shall keep in repair the houses, parks, preserves, ponds, mills and other things pertaining to the land out of the revenues from it; and he shall restore to the heir when he comes of age his land fully stocked with ploughs and the means of husbandry according to what the season of husbandry requires and the revenues of the land can reasonably bear.
[6] Heirs shall be married without disparagement, yet so that before the marriage is contracted those nearest in blood to the heir shall have notice.
[7] A widow shall have her marriage portion and inheritance forthwith and without difficulty after the death of her husband; nor shall she pay anything to have her dower or her marriage portion or the inheritance which she and her husband held on the day of her husband's death; and she may remain in her husband's house for forty days after his death, within which time her dower shall be assigned to her.
[8] No widow shall be forced to marry so long as she wishes to live without a husband, provided that she gives security not to marry without our consent if she holds of us, or without the consent of her lord of whom she holds, if she holds of another.
[9] Neither we nor our bailiffs will seize for any debt any land or rent, so long as the chattels of the debtor are sufficient to repay the debt; nor will those who have gone surety for the debtor be distrained so long as the principal debtor is himself able to pay the debt; and if the principal debtor fails to pay the debt, having nothing wherewith to pay it, then shall the sureties answer for the debt; and they shall, if they wish, have the lands and rents of the debtor until they are reimbursed for the debt which they have paid for him, unless the principal debtor can show that he has discharged his obligation in the matter to the said sureties.
[10] If anyone who has borrowed from the Jews any sum, great or small, dies before it is repaid, the debt shall not bear interest as long as the heir is under age, of whomsoever he holds; and if the debt falls into our hands, we will not take anything except the principal mentioned in the bond.
[11] And if anyone dies indebted to the Jews, his wife shall have her dower and pay nothing of that debt; and if the dead man leaves children who are under age, they shall be provided with necessaries befitting the holding of the deceased; and the debt shall be paid out of the residue, reserving, however, service due to lords of the land; debts owing to others than Jews shall be dealt with in like manner.
[12] No scutage or aid shall be imposed in our kingdom unless by common counsel of our kingdom, except for ransoming our person, for making our eldest son a knight, and for once marrying our eldest daughter, and for these only a reasonable aid shall be levied. Be it done in like manner concerning aids from the city of London.
[13] And the city of London shall have all its ancient liberties and free customs as well by land as by water. Furthermore, we will and grant that all other cities, boroughs, towns, and ports shall have all their liberties and free customs.
[14] And to obtain the common counsel of the kingdom about the assessing of an aid (except in the three cases aforesaid) or of a scutage, we will cause to be summoned the archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls and greater barons, individually by our letters--and, in addition, we will cause to be summoned generally through our sheriffs and bailiffs all those holding of us in chief--for a fixed date, namely, after the expiry of at least forty days, and to a fixed place; and in all letters of such summons we will specify the reason for the summons. And when the summons has thus been made, the business shall proceed on the day appointed, according to the counsel of those present, though not all have come who were summoned.
[15] We will not in future grant any one the right to take an aid from his free men, except for ransoming his person, for making his eldest son a knight and for once marrying his eldest daughter, and for these only a reasonable aid shall be levied.
[16] No one shall be compelled to do greater service for a knight's fee or for any other free holding than is due from it.
[17] Common pleas shall not follow our court, but shall be held in some fixed place.
[18] Recognitions of novel disseisin, of mort d'ancester, and of darrein presentment, shall not be held elsewhere than in the counties to which they relate, and in this manner--we, or, if we should be out of the realm, our chief justiciar, will send two justices through each county four times a year, who, with four knights of each county chosen by the county, shall hold the said assizes in the county and on the day and in the place of meeting of the county court.
[19] And if the said assizes cannot all be held on the day of the county court, there shall stay behind as many of the knights and freeholders who were present at the county court on that day as are necessary for the sufficient making of judgments, according to the amount of business to be done.
[20] A free man shall not be amerced for a trivial offence except in accordance with the degree of the offence, and for a grave offence he shall be amerced in accordance with its gravity, yet saving his way of living; and a merchant in the same way, saving his stock-in-trade; and a villein shall be amerced in the same way, saving his means of livelihood--if they have fallen into our mercy: and none of the aforesaid amercements shall be imposed except by the oath of good men of the neighbourhood.
[21] Earls and barons shall not be amerced except by their peers, and only in accordance with the degree of the offence.
[22] No clerk shall be amerced in respect of his lay holding except after the manner of the others aforesaid and not according to the amount of his ecclesiastical benefice.
[23] No vill or individual shall be compelled to make bridges at river banks, except those who from of old are legally bound to do so.
[24] No sheriff, constable, coroners, or others of our bailiffs, shall hold pleas of our crown.
[25] All counties, hundreds, wapentakes and trithings shall be at the old rents without any additional payment, exept our demesne manors.
[26] If anyone holding a lay fief of us dies and our sheriff or bailiff shows our letters patent of summons for a debt that the deceased owed us, it shall be lawful for our sheriff or bailiff to attach and make a list of chattels of the deceased found upon the lay fief to the value of that debt under the supervision of law-worthy men, provided that none of the chattels shall be removed until the debt which is manifest has been paid to us in full; and the residue shall be left to the executors for carrying out the will of the deceased. And if nothing is owing to us from him, all the chattels shall accrue to the deceased, saving to his wife and children their reasonable shares.
[27] If any free man dies without leaving a will, his chattels shall be distributed by his nearest kinsfolk and friends under the supervision of the church, saving to every one the debts which the deceased owed him.
[28] No constable or other bailiff of ours shall take anyone's corn or other chattels unless he pays on the spot in cash for them or can delay payment by arrangement with the seller.
[29] No constable shall compel any knight to give money instead of castle-guard if he is willing to do the guard himself or through another good man, if for some good reason he cannot do it himself; and if we lead or send him on military service, he shall be excused guard in proportion to the time that because of us he has been on service.
[30] No sheriff, or bailiff of ours, or anyone else shall take the horses or carts of any free man for transport work save with the agreement of that freeman.
[31] Neither we nor our bailiffs will take, for castles or other works of ours, timber which is not ours, except with the agreement of him whose timber it is.
[32] We will not hold for more than a year and a day the lands of those convicted of felony, and then the lands shall be handed over to the lords of the fiefs.
[33] Henceforth all fish-weirs shall be cleared completely from the Thames and the Medway and throughout all England, except along the sea coast.
[34] The writ called Praecipe shall not in future be issued to anyone in respect of any holding whereby a free man may lose his court.
[35] Let there be one measure for wine throughout our kingdom, and one measure for ale, and one measure for corn, namely "the London quarter"; and one width for cloths whether dyed, russet or halberget, namely two ells within the selvedges. Let it be the same with weights as with measures.
[36] Nothing shall be given or taken in future for the writ of inquisition of life or limbs: instead it shall be granted free of charge and not refused.
[37] If anyone holds of us by fee-farm, by socage, or by burgage, and holds land of another by knight service, we will not, by reason of that fee-farm, socage, or burgage, have the wardship of his heir or of land of his that is of the fief of the other; nor will we have custody of the fee-farm, socage, or burgage, unless such fee-farm owes knight service. We will not have custody of anyone's heir or land which he holds of another by knight service by reason of any petty serjeanty which he holds of us by the service of rendering to us knives or arrows or the like.
[38] No bailiff shall in future put anyone to trial upon his own bare word, without reliable witnesses produced for this purpose.
[39] No free man shall be arrested or imprisoned or disseised or outlawed or exiled or in any way victimised, neither will we attack him or send anyone to attack him, except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land.
[40] To no one will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay right or justice.
[41] All merchants shall be able to go out of and come into England safely and securely and stay and travel throughout England, as well by land as by water, for buying and selling by the ancient and right customs free from all evil tolls, except in time of war and if they are of the land that is at war with us. And if such are found in our land at the beginning of a war, they shall be attached, without injury to their persons or goods, until we, or our chief justiciar, know how merchants of our land are treated who were found in the land at war with us when war broke out, and if ours are safe there, the others shall be safe in our land.
[42] It shall be lawful in future for anyone, without prejudicing the allegiance due to us, to leave our kingdom and return safely and securely by land and water, save, in the public interest, for a short period in time of war--except for those imprisoned or outlawed in accordance with the law of the kingdom and natives of a land that is at war with us and merchants (who shall be treated as aforesaid).
[43] If anyone who holds of some escheat such as the honour of Wallingford, Nottingham, Boulogne, Lancaster, or of other escheats which are in our hands and are baronies dies, his heir shall give no other relief and do no other service to us than he would have done to the baron if that barony had been in the baron's hands; and we will hold it in the same manner in which the baron held it.
[44] Men who live outside the forest need not henceforth come before our justices of the forest upon a general summons, unless they are impleaded or are sureties for any person or persons who are attached for forest offences.
[45] We will not make justices, constables, sheriffs or bailiffs save of such as know the law of the kingdom and mean to observe it well.
[46] All barons who have founded abbeys for which they have charters of the kings of England or ancient tenure shall have the custody of them during vacancies, as they ought to have.
[47] All forests that have been made forest in our time shall be immediately disafforested; and so be it done with riverbanks that have been made preserves by us in our time.
[48] All evil customs connected with forests and warrens, foresters and warreners, sheriffs and their officials, riverbanks and their wardens shall immediately be inquired into in each county by twelve sworn knights of the same county who are to be chosen by good men of the same county, and within forty days of the completion of the inquiry shall be utterly abolished by them so as never to be restored, provided that we, or our justiciar if we are not in England, know of it first.
[49] We will immediately return all hostages and charters given to us by Englishmen, as security for peace or faithful service.
[50] We will remove completely from office the relations of Gerard de Athée so that in future they shall have no office in England, namely Engelard de Cigogné, Peter and Guy and Andrew de Chanceaux, Guy de Cigogné, Geoffrey de Martigny and his brothers, Philip Marc and his brothers and his nephew Geoffrey, and all their following.
[51] As soon as peace is restored, we will remove from the kingdom all foreign knights, cross-bowmen, serjeants, and mercenaries, who have come with horses and arms to the detriment of the kingdom.
[52] If anyone has been disseised of or kept out of his lands, castles, franchises or his right by us without the legal judgment of his peers, we will immediately restore them to him: and if a dispute arises over this, then let it be decided by the judgment of the twenty-five barons who are mentioned below in the clause for securing the peace: for all the things, however, which anyone has been disseised or kept out of without the lawful judgment of his peers by king Henry, our father, or by king Richard, our brother, which we have in our hand or are held by others, to whom we are bound to warrant them, we will have the usual period of respite of crusaders, excepting those things about which a plea was started or an inquest made by our command before we took the cross; when however we return from our pilgrimage, or if by any chance we do not go on it, we will at once do full justice therein.
[53] We will have the same respite, and in the same manner, in the doing of justice in the matter of the disafforesting or retaining of the forests which Henry our father or Richard our brother afforested, and in the matter of the wardship of lands which are of the fief of another, wardships of which sort we have hitherto had by reason of a fief which anyone held of us by knight service, and in the matter of abbeys founded on the fief of another, not on a fief of our own, in which the lord of the fief claims he has a right; and when we have returned, or if we do not set out on our pilgrimage, we will at once do full justice to those who complain of these things.
[54] No one shall be arrested or imprisoned upon the appeal of a woman for the death of anyone except her husband.
[55] All fines made with us unjustly and against the law of the land, and all amercements imposed unjustly and against the law of the land, shall be entirely remitted, or else let them be settled by the judgment of the twenty-five barons who are mentioned below in the clause for securing the peace, or by the judgment of the majority of the same, along with the aforesaid Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, if he can be present, and such others as he may wish to associate with himself for this purpose, and if he cannot be present the business shall nevertheless proceed without him, provided that if any one or more of the aforesaid twenty-five barons are in a like suit, they shall be removed from the judgment of the case in question, and others chosen, sworn and put in their place by the rest of the same twenty-five for this case only.
[56] If we have disseised or kept out Welshmen from lands or liberties or other things without the legal judgment of their peers in England or in Wales, they shall be immediately restored to them; and if a dispute arises over this, then let it be decided in the March by the judgment of their peers--for holdings in England according to the law of England, for holdings in Wales according to the law of Wales, and for holdings in the March according to the law of the March. Welshmen shall do the same to us and ours.
[57] For all the things, however, which any Welshman was disseised of or kept out of without the lawful judgment of his peers by king Henry, our father, or king Richard, our brother, which we have in our hand or which are held by others, to whom we are bound to warrant them, we will have the usual period of respite of crusaders, excepting those things about which a plea was started or an inquest made by our command before we took the cross; when however we return, or if by any chance we do not set out on our pilgrimage, we will at once do full justice to them in accordance with the laws of the Welsh and the foresaid regions.
[58] We will give back at once the son of Llywelyn and all the hostages from Wales and the charters that were handed over to us as security for peace.
[59] We will act toward Alexander, king of the Scots, concerning the return of his sisters and hostages and concerning his franchises and his right in the same manner in which we act towards our other barons of England, unless it ought to be otherwise by the charters which we have from William his father, formerly king of the Scots, and this shall be determined by the judgment of his peers in our court.
[60] All these aforesaid customs and liberties which we have granted to be observed in our kingdom as far as it pertains to us towards our men, all of our kingdom, clerks as well as laymen, shall observe as far as it pertains to them towards their men.
[61] Since, moreover, for God and the betterment of our kingdom and for the better allaying of the discord that has arisen between us and our barons we have granted all these things aforesaid, wishing them to enjoy the use of them unimpaired and unshaken for ever, we give and grant them the under-written security, namely, that the barons shall choose any twenty-five barons of the kingdom they wish, who must with all their might observe, hold and cause to be observed, the peace and liberties which we have granted and confirmed to them by this present charter of ours, so that if we, or our justiciar, or our bailiffs or any one of our servants offend in any way against anyone or transgress any of the articles of the peace or the security and the offence be notified to four of the aforesaid twenty-five barons, those four barons shall come to us, or to our justiciar if we are out of the kingdom, and, laying the transgression before us, shall petition us to have that transgression corrected without delay. And if we do not correct the transgression, or if we are out of the kingdom, if our justiciar does not correct it, within forty days, reckoning from the time it was brought to our notice or to that of our justiciar if we were out of the kingdom, the aforesaid four barons shall refer that case to the rest of the twenty-five barons and those twenty-five barons together with the community of the whole land shall distrain and distress us in every way they can, namely, by seizing castles, lands, possessions, and in such other ways as they can, saving our person and the persons of our queen and our children, until, in their opinion, amends have been made; and when amends have been made, they shall obey us as they did before. And let anyone in the land who wishes take an oath to obey the orders of the said twenty-five barons for the execution of all the aforesaid matters, and with them to distress us as much as he can, and we publicly and freely give anyone leave to take the oath who wishes to take it and we will never prohibit anyone from taking it. Indeed, all those in the land who are unwilling of themselves and of their own accord to take an oath to the twenty-five barons to help them to distrain and distress us, we will make them take the oath as aforesaid at our command. And if any of the twenty-five barons dies or leaves the country or is in any other way prevented from carrying out the things aforesaid, the rest of the aforesaid twenty-five barons shall choose as they think fit another one in his place, and he shall take the oath like the rest. In all matters the execution of which is committed to these twenty-five barons, if it should happen that these twenty-five are present yet disagree among themselves about anything, or if some of those summoned will not or cannot be present, that shall be held as fixed and established which the majority of those present ordained or commanded, exactly as if all the twenty-five had consented to it; and the said twenty-five shall swear that they will faithfully observe all the things aforesaid and will do all they can to get them observed. And we will procure nothing from anyone, either personally or through anyone else, whereby any of these concessions and liberties might be revoked or diminished; and if any such thing is procured, let it be void and null, and we will never use it either personally or through another.
[62] And we have fully remitted and pardoned to everyone all the ill-will, indignation and rancour that have arisen between us and our men, clergy and laity, from the time of the quarrel. Furthermore, we have fully remitted to all, clergy and laity, and as far as pertains to us have completely forgiven, all trespasses occasioned by the same quarrel between Easter in the sixteenth year of our reign and the restoration of peace. And, besides, we have caused to be made for them letters testimonial patent of the lord Stephen archbishop of Canterbury, of the lord Henry archbishop of Dublin and of the aforementioned bishops and of master Pandulf about this security and the aforementioned concessions.
[63] Wherefore we wish and firmly enjoin that the English church shall be free, and that the men in our kingdom shall have and hold all the aforesaid liberties, rights and concessions well and peacefully, freely and quietly, fully and completely, for themselves and their heirs from us and our heirs, in all matters and in all places for ever, as is aforesaid. An oath, moreover, has been taken, as well on our part as on the part of the barons, that all these things aforesaid shall be observed in good faith and without evil disposition. Witness the above-mentioned and many others. Given by our hand in the meadow which is called Runnymede between Windsor and Staines on the fifteenth day of June, in the seventeenth year of our reign
This document has been copied produced and published by Greg Lance - Watkins.
To acquant the people of These United Kingdoms of their Rights and Freedoms as delineated under the terms of ‘The Magna Carta’.
Greg Lance – Watkins.
d The Magna Carta  IF you have no interest in YOUR rights, freedoms and Justice both for you, your children & Grandchildren or YOUR Country please just delete this copy of part of YOUR Constitution. The Constitution of Britain. JUST USE DELETE but please vote against imposing an alien so called Constitution, so redolent of the USSR, upon your fellows; at the corrupt referendum on the EU’s squalid new 844 web pages of binding controls, in the Franco German binding Constitution for the central soviet of the EU. Resist Removal of YOUR rights and those who come after you at every opportunity. Liberty & Freedom are hard won privileges for which YOUR ancestors gave their lives - it ill becomes you to debase their memory by squandering those privileges they won for YOU. YOU are the custodian of YOUR ancient rights for future generations. Use Delete by all means but VOTE NO to vassal status of the supra national, corrupt and centralised EU. Hi, I do hope that having this copy of one of the plank documents of The British Constitution will help you to explain to the uninformed and rebut those who seek to commit treason and abuse their position as politicians or betray their Country, its freedoms, rights and independent sovereignty undermining our democracy and destroying our future by their attempts to dupe the British peoples into surrendering theirs and their children’s future for all time to an unarguably corrupt, centralised and undemocratic supra national EUropean soviet – which seeks to emulate the USSR in its over regulated dictatorial centralisation of a territorially ambitious unaccountable police controlled state over energetically supplied with laws on every matter and Justice in none. Reject Britain accepting vassal status and serf like control of our peoples by the imposition of a so called Constitution for this evil new Empire – the EU. We have rights and freedoms in Britain – enshrined in our Constitution and ‘doubly entrenched’ in Law – this has served us well for 1,000 years. We have no need of the squalid concept of surrender to the new Franco German super state as enshrined in THEIR exclusive Treaty of Elysee of the 1960s. The Magna Carta   1297 THE CHARTER OF LIBERTIES OF 1215 | |||
Preamble | John, by the grace of God, King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and Count of Anjou, to the Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Earls, Barons, Justiciaries, Foresters, Sheriffs, Reeves, Stewards, Servants, Ministers and to all his bailiffs and others, his faithful subjects, greeting. Know ye that we, out of reverence for God and for the salvation of our soul and those of all our ancestors and heirs, for the honour of God and the advancement of holy Church, and for the reform of our realm, on the advice of our venerable fathers, Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, primate of all England and cardinal of the holy Roman Church, Henry Archbishop of Dublin, William of London, Peter of Winchester, Jocelyn of Bath and Glastonbury, Hugh of Lincoln, Walter of Worcester, William of Coventry and Benedict of Rochester, Bishops; Master Pandulph, subdeacon and member of the household of the Lord Pope, of brother Aymeric, Master of the Knights of the Temple in England, and of the noble men William Marshal Earl of Pembroke, William Earl of Salisbury, William Earl Warenne, William Earl of Arundel, Alan of Galloway Constable of Scotland, Warin son of Gerold, Peter son of Herbert, Hubert de Burgh seneschal of Poitou, Hugh de Neville, Matthew son of Herbert, Thomas Basset, Alan Basset, Philip d'Aubigny, Robert of Ropsley, John Marshal, John son of Hugh, and others, our faithful subjects: | ||
01 | The Church of England’s freedom and the grant of liberties to all freemen of the Kingdom | In the first place have granted to God, and by this Our present charter confirmed for Us and Our Heirs for ever, that the English Church shall be free, and shall have its rights undiminished and its liberties unimpaired; and it is Our will that it be thus observed; which is evident from the fact that, before the quarrel between Us and Our Barons began, We, willingly and spontaneously granted and by our charter confirmed the freedom of elections which is reckoned most important and very essential to the English Church, and obtained confirmation of it from The Lord Pope Innocent III; the which We will observe and We wish Our Heirs to observe it in good faith for ever. We have also granted to all freemen of Our Kingdom, for Ourselves and Our heirs for ever, all the liberties written below, to be had and held by them and their heirs of Us and Our Heirs. | |
02 | Reliefs for Inheritance | If any of Our Earls or Barons or others holding of Us in chief by Knight services dies, and at his death his heir be of age and owe relief he shall have his inheritance on payment of the old relief, namely the heir or heirs of an Earl shall pay £100 for a whole Earl's Barony, the heir or heirs of a Knight 100s at most, for a whole Knight's 'fee', and that any man who owes less let him give less according to the ancient custom of 'fees'. | |
03 | If The Heir is under age | If, however, the heir of any such be under age and a ward, he shall have his inheritance when he comes of age without paying relief and without making a fine. | |
04 | The Rights of Wards | The guardian of the land of such an heir who is under age shall take from the land of the heir no more than reasonable sums, reasonable customary dues and reasonable services, and that without destruction and waste of men or goods; and if We commit the wardship of the land of any such to a sheriff, or to any other who is answerable to Us for its revenues, and he destroys or wastes what he has wardship of, We will take compensation from him and the land shall be committed to two lawful and discreet men of that fief, who shall be responsible for the revenues to us or to him to whom We shall assign them; and if We give or sell to anyone the wardship of any such land and he causes destruction or waste therein, he shall lose that wardship, and it shall be transferred to two lawful and discreet men of that fief, who shall similarly be responsible to Us as is aforesaid. | |
05 | Guardians and their Duties | Moreover, so long as he has the wardship of the land, the guardian shall keep in repair the houses, parks, preserves, ponds, mills and other things pertaining to the land out of the revenues from it; and he shall restore to the heir when he comes of age his land fully [totam] stocked with ploughs and the means of husbandry [waynagus] according to what the season of husbandry requires, and what the revenues of the land can reasonably bear. | |
06 | Marriage of Heirs | Heirs shall be married without disparagement, yet so that before the marriage is contracted those nearest in blood to the heir shall have notice. | |
07 | Widow’s Rights | A widow shall have her marriage portion and inheritance forthwith and without difficulty after the death of her husband; nor shall she pay anything to have her dower or her marriage portion or the inheritance which she and her husband held on the day of her husband's death; and she may remain in her husband's house for forty days after his death, within which time her dower shall be assigned to her. | |
08 | Widow’s Remarriage | No widow shall be forced to marry so long as she wishes to live without a husband, provided that she gives security not to marry without our consent if she holds of Us, or without the consent of the lord of whom she holds, if she holds of another. | |
09 | Sureties & Debtors | Neither We nor Our bailiffs will seize for any debt any land or rent, so long as the chattels of the debtor are sufficient to repay the debt; nor will those who have gone surety for the debtor be distrained so long as the principal debtor is himself able to pay the debt; and if the principal debtor fails to pay the debt, having nothing wherewith to pay it, then shall the Sureties answer for the debt; and they shall, if they wish, have the lands and rents of the debtor until they are reimbursed for the debt which they have paid for him, unless the principal debtor can show that he has discharged his obligation in the matter to the said Sureties. | |
10 | The Interest on Debts | If anyone who has borrowed from the Jews any sum, great or small, dies before it is repaid, his heir shall pay no interest on the debt whilst he is under age, irrespective of whosoever tenant he may be; and if the debt falls into Our hands, We will not take in the bond anything except the principal mentioned. | |
11 | The Rights of Widows and Heirs as to creditors | And if anyone dies indebted to the Jews, his wife shall have her dower and pay nothing of that debt; and if the dead man leaves children who are under age, they shall be provided with necessaries befitting the holding of the deceased; and the debt shall be paid out of the residue, reserving, however, service due to Lords of the land; debts owing to others than Jews shall be dealt with in like manner. | |
12 | No ‘aids’ other than by common counsel | No scutage or aid shall be imposed in Our Kingdom unless by Common Counsel of our Kingdom except for ransoming Our person, for making Our eldest Son a Knight, and for once marrying our eldest daughter; and for these only a reasonable aid shall be levied. Be it done in like manner concerning aids from the city of London. | |
13 | Liberties of London and other cities and towns etc. | And the city of London shall have all its ancient liberties and free customs as well by land as by water. Furthermore, We will and grant that all other cities, boroughs, towns and ports shall have all their liberties and free customs. | |
14 | Calling together of a Council to asses & consent to ‘aids’ | And to obtain the common assessing of an aid (except counsel of the Kingdom about the three cases aforesaid) or of a scutage, We will cause to be summoned the Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Earls and greater Barons, individually by our letters - and, in addition, We will cause to be summoned generally through our sheriffs and bailiffs, those holding of us in chief - for a fixed date, namely, after the expiry of at least forty days, and to a fixed place; and in all letters of such summons We will specify the reason for the summons. And when the summons has thus been made, the business shall proceed on the day appointed, according to the counsel of those present, although not all have come who were summoned. | |
15 | Limiting the ‘aids’ of other Lords | We will not in future grant anyone the right to take an aid from his own freemen, except for ransoming his person, for making his eldest son a Knight and for once marrying his eldest daughter; and for these only a reasonable aid shall be levied. | |
16 | Limiting a Knight’s fee | No one shall be compelled to do greater service for a Knight's fee or for any other free holding than is due from it. | |
17 | Justice to be fixed at a place | Common pleas shall not follow Our court, but shall be held in some fixed place. | |
18 | Disputes to be held in the county where land is concerned The ¼ Sessions | Inquests of novel disseisin, of mort d'ancestor, and of darrein presentment, shall not be held elsewhere than in the court of the county to which they relate [in suis tomitatibas] and in this manner - we, or, if we should be out of the realm, Our Chief Justiciary, will send two Justices through each county four times a year, who, with four Knights of each county chosen by the county, shall hold the said inquests in the county court, on the day and in the place of meeting of the county court. | |
19 | The Completion of assizes | And if the said inquests cannot be held on the day of the county court, there shall stay behind as many of the Knights and freeholders who were present at the county court on that day as are necessary for the sufficient making of judgements, according to the amount of the business. | |
20 | Let the fine fit the crime not destroy livelihoods | A freeman shall not be amerced [fined] for a slight offence except in accordance with the degree of the offence, and for a grave offence he shall be amerced in accordance with its gravity, yet saving his way of living [contenementum]; and a merchant in the same way, saving his stock-in-trade [mercandisa]; and a villein shall be amerced in the same way, saving his means of livelihood [waynagium] - if they have fallen into our mercy: and none of the aforesaid amercements shall be imposed except by the oath of upright men of the neighbourhood. | |
21 | Barons also | Earls and Barons shall not be amerced except by their peers, and only in accordance with the degree of the offence. | |
22 | Clergymen also | No clerk shall be amerced in respect of his lay holding except after the manner of the others aforesaid and not in accordance with the amount of his ecclesiastical benefice. | |
23 | Bridge building Obligations | No community or individual [nec villa nec homo] shall be compelled to make bridges at river banks, except those who from of old are legally bound to do so. | |
24 | Trials Only by those Authorised | No sheriff, constable, coroners, or other of Our bailiffs, shall try [tencant] pleas of our Crown. | |
25 | Rent controlling | All counties, hundreds, wapentakes and trithings shall be at the old rents without any additional payment, except our demesne manors. | |
26 | Debts to the Crown | If any one holding a lay fief of Us dies and Our Sheriff or Our Bailiff shows our letters patent of summons for a debt that the deceased owed Us, it shall be lawful for Our Sheriff or Our Bailiff to attach and inventory chattels of the deceased found upon the lay fief to the value of that debt under the supervision of law-worthy men, provided that none of the chattels shall be removed until the debt which is manifest [clarum] has been paid to us in full; and the residue shall be left to the executors for carrying out the will of the deceased. And if nothing is owing to us from him, all the chattels shall go to the deceased, saving to his wife and children their reasonable shares. | |
27 | Intestacy | If any freeman dies without leaving a will, his chattels shall be distributed by his nearest kinsfolk and friends under the supervision of the church, saving to every one of the debts which the deceased owed him. | |
28 | Compensation for removal of property | No constable or other bailiff of Ours shall take anyone's corn or other chattels unless he pays spot cash for them or can delay payment by arrangement with the seller. | |
29 | Castle/Tile Guard | No Constable shall compel any Knight to give money instead of castle-guard if he is willing to do Tile Guard himself or through another good man, if for some good reason he cannot do it himself; and if We lead or send him on military service, he shall be exempt from guard in proportion to the time that because of Us he has been on service. | |
30 | No removal of Horses without consent | No Sheriff or Bailiff of Ours, or anyone else [aliquis alius], shall take the horses or carts of any freeman for transport work save with the agreement of that freeman. | |
31 | No removal of Wood without consent | Neither We nor Our bailiffs will take other people's timber for castles or other works of Ours except with the agreement of him whose timber it is. | |
32 | The Land of Felons | We will not hold for more than a year and a day the lands of those convicted of felony, and then the lands shall be handed over to the lords of the fiefs. | |
33 | Fishtraps | Henceforth all fishtraps shall be cleared completely from the Thames and the Medway and throughout all England, except along the sea coast. | |
34 | A Writ of Praecipe | The writ called praecipe shall not in future be issued to anyone in respect of any holding if thereby a freeman may not be tried in his Lord’s court. | |
35 | Standardised weights & Measures | Let there be one measure for wine throughout Our Kingdom, and one measure for ale, and one measure for corn, namely 'the London quarter'; and one width for cloths whether dyed, russet or halberget, namely two ells within the selvedges. Let it he the same with weights as with measures. | |
36 | Writs on Life or Limb | Nothing shall be given or taken in future for the writ of inquiry concerning life or limbs, but it shall be granted free of charge and not withheld. | |
37 | Wardship of The Crown | If anyone holds of Us by fee-farm, by socage, or by burgages and holds land of another by Knight service, We will not, by reason of that fee-farm, socage, or burgage, have the wardship of his heir or of his land that is of the fief of the other; nor will We have wardship of the fee-farm, socage, or burgage, unless such fee-farm owes Knight service. We will not have the wardship of anyone's heir or land which he holds of another by Knight service by reason of any petty serjeanty which he holds of us by the service of rendering to us knives or arrows or the like. | |
38 | Trial shall Not take place with unsupported evidence | No bailiff shall in future put anyone to trial upon his own unsupported testimony, without reliable witnesses brought for this purpose. | |
39 | Guarantee of ‘Law of the land’ for Freemen | No freeman shall be arrested or imprisoned or disseised or outlawed or exiled or in any way destroyed, neither will we set forth against him or send against him, except by the lawful judgement of his peers and [vel] by the law of the land. | |
40 | Guarantee of Equal Justice | To no one will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay right or justice. | |
41 | Free Movement of Merchants & the treatment of such when Prisoners of War | All merchants shall have safe and secure exit from, and entry into England, and dwelling and travel in England as well by land as by water, for buying and selling by the ancient and right customs, free of all evil tolls, except in time of war and if they are of the land that is at war with us. And if such are found in our lands at the beginning of a war, they shall be taken and kept in custody [attachientur], without injury to their persons or goods, until We, or Our Chief Justiciary, know how merchants of Our land are treated who were found in the land at war with us when war broke out [tunc], and if Ours are safe there, the others shall be safe in our land. | |
42 | Freedom to Leave & Enter The Kingdom | Without prejudicing the allegiance due to us, it shall be lawful in future for any one to leave our kingdom and return safely and securely by land and water, save, in the public interest, for a short period in time of war - except for those imprisoned or outlawed in accordance with the law of the kingdom and natives of a land that is at war with us and merchants (who shall be treated as aforesaid). | |
43 | Escheats | If anyone who holds of some escheats such as the honor of Wallingford, Nottingham, Boulogne, Lancaster, or of other escheats which are in our hands and are baronies dies, his heir shall give no other relief and do no other service to us than he would have done to the Baron, if that Barony had been in the Baron's hands; and we will hold it in the same manner in which the Baron held it. | |
44 | Laws of Foresters | Men who live outside the forests need not henceforth come before Our Justices of the forest upon a general summons, unless they are impleaded or are sureties for any person or persons who are attached for forest offences. | |
45 | Knowledge of the Law | We will not make Justices, Constables, Sheriffs or bailiffs save of such as know the law of the kingdom and mean to observe it well. | |
46 | The Wardship of Abbeys | All Barons who have founded Abbeys, in respect of which they have charters of the Kings of England or of which they have had long tenure, shall have custody of them in a vacancy, as they ought to have. | |
47 | Boundaries of Forests | All forests that have been made forest in our time shall be immediately disafforested; and so be it done with riverbanks that have been made preserves by us in our time. | |
48 | Evil Customs of the Forests & Forresters | All evil customs connected with forests and warrens, foresters and warreners, sheriffs and their officials, riverbanks and their wardens shall immediately be inquired into in each county by twelve sworn Knights of the same county who are to he chosen by good men of the same county, and within forty days of the completion of the inquiry shall be utterly abolished so as never to be restored, provided that We, or Our Justiciary if We are not in England, have previous intimation thereof. | |
49 | Guarantee of Hostage Return | We will immediately return all hostages and charters given to us by Englishmen, as security for peace or faithful service. | |
50 | Purge of the Poitevin favourites | We will entirely remove from their bailiwicks the relations of Gerard d'Athee so that in future they shall have no bailiwick in England, namely Engelard de Cigognd, Peter and Guy and Andrew de Chanceaux, Guy de Cigogne, Geoffrey de Martigny and his brothers, Philip Marc and his brothers and his nephew Geoffrey, and all their followings. | |
51 | Mercenaries Banished | As soon as peace is restored, We will remove from the Kingdom all foreign Knights, crossbowmen, serjeants, and mercenaries, who have come with horses and arms to the detriment of the kingdom. | |
52 | Guarantee of Restoration of both lands & rights | If any one has been dispossessed or removed by Us without the legal judgement of his peers from his lands, castles, franchises or his right, We will immediately restore them to him; and if a dispute arises over this, then let it be decided by the judgement of the twenty-five Barons who are mentioned below in the clause [61] for securing the peace: for all the things, however, from which any one has been dispossessed or removed without the lawful judgement of his peers by King Henry, Our Father, or by King Richard, Our brother, which We have in Our hand or are held by others, to whom We are bound to warrant them, We will have the usual period of respite of crusaders, excepting those things about which a plea was started or an inquest made by Our command before We took the cross; when however We return from our pilgrimage, or if by any chance We do not go on it We will at once do full justice therein. | |
53 | Respite During Crusade | We will have the same respite, and in the same manner, in the doing of justice in the matter of the de-afforestation or retention of the forests which Henry Our father or Richard Our brother afrorested [cf. clause 47], and in the matter of the wardship of lands which are of the fief of another, wardships of which sort We have hitherto had by reason of a fief which anyone held of Us by Knight service [cf. clause 37], and in the matter of Abbeys founded on the fief of another, not on a fief of our own, in which the Lord of the fief claims he has a right [cf. clause 46]; and when We have returned, or if We do not set out on our pilgrimage, We will at once do full justice to all who complain of these things. | |
54 | The Appeal of Women! | No one shall be arrested or imprisoned upon the appeal of a woman, for the death of anyone except her husband. | |
55 | The Remission of all unlawful Fines | All fines made with Us unjustly and against the law of the land, and all amercements [fines] imposed unjustly and against the law of the land, shall be entirely remitted, or else let them be settled by the judgement of the twenty-five Barons who are mentioned below in the clause [61] for securing the peace, or by the judgement of the majority of the same, along with the aforesaid Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, if he can be present, and such others as he may wish to associate with himself for this purpose, and if he cannot be present the business shall nevertheless proceed without him, provided that if any one or more of the aforesaid twenty-five Barons are in a like suit, they shall be removed from the judgement of the case in question, and others chosen, sworn and put in their place by the rest of the same twenty-five for this case only. | |
56 | theReinstatement of the Rights of Welshmen | If We have dispossessed or removed Welshmen’s from lands or liberties or other things without the legal judgement of their peers in England or in Wales, they shall be immediately restored to them; and if a dispute arises over this, then let it be decided in the March by the judgement of their peers - for holdings in England according to the law of England, for holdings in Wales according to the law of Wales, and for holdings in the March according to the law of March. Welshmen shall do the same to us and ours. | |
57 | Respite for Welsh in line with Crusade | For all the things, however, from which any Welshman has been dispossessed or removed without the lawful judgement of his peers by King Henry, Our father, or Richard, Our brother which We have in Our hand or which are held by others, to whom We are bound to warrant them, We will have the usual period of respite of crusaders, excepting those things about which a plea was started or an inquest made by our command before We took the cross; when however We return, or if by chance we do not set out on our pilgrimage, We will at once do full justice in accordance with the laws of the Welsh and the foresaid regions. | |
58 | Welsh hostages returned | We will give up at once the son of Llywelyn and all the hostages from Wales and the charters that were handed over to us as security for peace. | |
59 | Guarantee of Rights to Alexander King of Scots | We will act towards Alexander, King of the Scots, concerning the return of his sisters and hostages and concerning his franchises and his right in the same manner in which We act towards our other Barons of England, unless it ought to be otherwise according to the charters which We have from William his Father, formerly King of the Scots, and this shall be according to the judgement of his peers in our court. | |
60 | Liberty for Lesser Tenants | Moreover, all these aforesaid customs and liberties which We have granted shall be observed in Our Kingdom as far as it pertains to Us towards Our men, all of Our Kingdom, clerks as well as laymen, shall observe as far as it pertains to them towards their men. | |
61 | The 25 Barons To Enforce the Charter as a Committee | Since, moreover, for God and the amendment of Our Kingdom and for the better allaying of the discord that has arisen between Us and Our Barons We have granted all these things aforesaid, wishing them to enjoy the use of them unimpaired and unshaken for ever, We give and grant them the underwritten security, namely, that the Barons shall choose any twenty-five Barons of The Kingdom they wish, who must with all their might observe, hold and cause to be observed, the peace and liberties which We have granted and confirmed to them by this present charter of Ours, so that if We, or Our Justiciary, or Our bailiffs or any one of Our servants offend in any way against any one or transgress any of the articles of the peace or the security and the offence be notified to four of the aforesaid twenty-five Barons, those four Barons shall come to Us, or to Our Justiciary if We are out of The Kingdom, and, laying the transgression before Us, shall petition Us to have that transgression corrected without delay. And if we do not correct the transgression, or if We are out of The Kingdom, if Our Justiciary does not correct it, within forty days, reckoning from the time it was brought to our notice or to that of Our Justiciary if We were out of The Kingdom, the aforesaid four Barons shall refer that case to the rest of the twenty-five Barons and those twenty-five Barons together with the Community of the whole land shall distrain and distress Us in every way they can, namely, by seizing castles, lands, possessions, and in such other ways as they can, saving Our Person and the persons of Our Queen and Our children, until, in their opinion, amends have been made; and when amends have been made, they shall obey Us as they did before. And let anyone in the country who wishes to do so take an oath to obey the orders of the said twenty-five Barons for the execution of all the aforesaid matters, and with them to distress Us as much as he can, and we publicly and freely give anyone leave to take the oath who wishes to take it and We will never prohibit anyone from taking it. Indeed, all those in the land who are unwilling of themselves and of their own accord to take an oath to the twenty-five Barons to help them to distrain and distress us, We will make them take the oath as aforesaid at our command. And if any of the twenty-five Barons dies or leaves the country or is in any other way prevented from carrying out the things aforesaid, the remainder of the aforesaid twenty-five Barons shall choose as they think fit another one in his place, and he shall take the oath like the rest. In all matters the execution of which is committed to these twenty-five Barons, if it should happen that these twenty-five are present yet disagree among themselves about anything, or if some of those summoned will not or cannot be present, that shall be held as fixed and established which the majority of those present ordained or commanded, exactly as if all the twenty-five had consented to it; and the said twenty-five shall swear that they will faithfully observe all the things aforesaid and will do all they can to get them observed. And we will procure nothing from anyone, either personally or through any one else, whereby any of these concessions and liberties might be revoked or diminished; and if any such thing be procured let it be void and null, and We will never use it either personally or through another. | |
62 | Pardon of Trespasses and Ill Will | And We have fully remitted and pardoned to everyone all the ill-will, anger and rancour that have arisen between Us and Our men, clergy and laity, from the time of the quarrel. Furthermore, We have fully remitted to all, clergy and laity, and as far as pertains to Us have completely forgiven all trespasses occasioned by the same quarrel between Easter in the sixteenth year of Our Reign and the restoration of peace. And, besides, We have caused to be made for the Barons letters patent, bearing testimony to this security and to the concessions set out above over the seals of the Lord Stephen Archbishop of Canterbury, the Lord Henry Archbishop of Dublin and of the aforementioned Bishops and Master Pandulph. | |
63 | The Oath observing the rights of Church & Peoples | Wherefore We wish and firmly enjoin that the English church shall be free, and that the men in our kingdom shall have and hold all the aforesaid liberties, rights and concessions well and peacefully, freely and quietly, fully and completely for themselves and their heirs from Us and Our Heirs, in all matters and in all places for ever, as is aforesaid. An oath, moreover, has been taken, as well on our part as on the part of the Barons, that all these things aforesaid shall be observed in good faith and without evil disposition. Witness the above-mentioned and many others. Given by Our hand in the meadow which is called Runnymede between Windsor and Staines on the fifteenth day of June, in the seventeenth year of Our Reign. | |
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‘The arrogance and hubris of corrupt politicians will be responsible for every drop of blood spilt in the Wars of Disassociation, if Britain does not leave the EU.
The ugly, centralised, undemocratic supra national policies being imposed by the centralised and largely unelected decisionmakers of The EU for alien aims, ailien values and to suit alien needs stand every possibility of creating 200,000,000 deaths across EUrope as a result of the blind arrogance and hubris of the idiologues in the central dictatorship, and their economic illiteracy marching hand in glove with the idiocy of The CAP & The CFP - both policies which deliver bills, destroy lives and denude food stocks.
The EU, due to the political idiocy and corruption of its undemocratic leaders, is now a net importer of food, no longer able to feed itself and with a decreasing range of over priced goods, of little use to the rest of the world, to sell with which to counter the net financial drain of endless imports.
British Politicians with pens and treachery, in pursuit of their own agenda and greed, have done more damage to the liberty, freedoms, rights and democracy of the British peoples than any army in over 1,000 years.
The disastrous effects of British politicians selling Britain into the thrall of foreign rule by the EU for their own personal rewards has damaged the well-being of Britain more than the armies of Hitler and the Franco - German - Italian axis of 1939 - 1945.
Until we gain our liberty, restore our sovereignty, repatriate our democracy and reinstate our Justice system and our borders - defended by our Police and Military armed with sustainable and obtainable weaponry: Treat every election as a referendum.
Don't spoil your Ballot Paper by wasting it on a self serving Politician in ANY election until we are liberated from the EU and are a Free Sovereign peoples, with independent control of our own borders, making and managing Law & Justice for our own benefit, in our own elected Westminster Parliament where we can fire our politicians at the ballot box, if they fail to represent OUR best interests and de-centralise their powers.
~~~~~~~~~~#########~~~~~~~~~~
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